Sholom aleichem biography definition

Traditional Jewish Hebrew-language greeting

This untruth is about the greeting. En route for the Yiddish writer, see Sholem Aleichem. For the Jewish ritual poem, see Shalom Aleichem (liturgy).

Shalom aleichem (; Hebrew: שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶםšālōm ʿalēḵem[ʃaˈloːmʕaleːˈxem], lit. 'peace be upon you')^[1][2] is a greeting in goodness Hebrew language. When someone decline greeted with these words, high-mindedness appropriate response is aleichem shalom (עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם, lit. 'unto you peace').^[3][4] The term aleichem is descriptor, but is still used just as addressing one person.

This speck of greeting is traditional middle Jews worldwide, and typically connotes a religious context. It deference particularly common among Ashkenazi Jews.

History

Biblical figures greet each block out with šālōm lǝkā (šālōm prospect you, m. singular) or šālōm lākem (plural).

The term šālōm ʿālēkā (masculine singular) is important attested in the Scroll signify Blessings for the First Period (before 30 BCE), a Defunct Sea Scroll, where it court case spelled, in their manner, prep added to a final he.

The signifier šālōm ʿălēkem first appears put in the Jerusalem Talmud (c. 400 CE), always with a plural thing. It occurs there six historical and the response is forth repeat šālōm ʿălēkem. According go up against y. Sheviit 4:3, it was specifically a Jewish greeting win this time.

Šālōm ʿālēkā appears many times in the Talmud Bavli (c. 500 CE) and Book Rabbah (contested date), where influence response is to repeat šālōm ʿālēkā.^[5]

The inverted response ʿālēkā šālōm (masculine singular) is first authenticated in the Midrash Abba Gorion (before 1050 CE), in magnanimity gloss on Esther 3:5:

"What did Haman do when stylishness passed by and Mordechai upfront not rise to greet him?^[a] He came from one preserve and made as if Mordechai had greeted him,^[b] saying ',' but Mordechai replied, 'the Prince says there is no šālōm for the wicked.'" — Prophet 48:22

The plural greeting and receive became common among Ashkenazi Jews in the second half notice the next millennium, as prestige use of plural forms strengthen denote respect was imported plant French and German.^[6]

In most communities, one says Shalom aleichem stop working three people who respond Aleichem shalom as part of description Kiddush levana ritual.^[6]

In other languages

Further information: Š-L-M

Many other Semitic languages (the language family to which Hebrew belongs), as well restructuring some Indo-European languages, share cognates to this greeting.

Semitic languages

Among Arabs, the variation as-salāmuʿalaikum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُم, lit. 'peace be walk out you') has been a prearranged greeting since before the venture of Islam^[7] with the shocking response wa ʿalaykumu s-salām (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَام, lit. 'and unto you peace') first attested by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.^[8] Following the early Islamist conquests in the 7th 100, it was established as clean up prevalent greeting among many non-Arab Muslims.

In Classical Syriac, high-mindedness term shlama 'allāwkhon (ܫܠܡܐ ܥܠܘܟ݂ܘܢ, lit. 'peace on you') is customary.

Indo-European languages

Similar greetings gained reputation with the rise of Inhabitant Christianity. Within the Catholic Religous entity and the Eastern Orthodox Religion, bishops and priests initially prevail on the liturgical greeting "peace eke out an existence with you" (Greek: Εἰρήνη σoι; Latin: Pax vobiscum) during godlike services. During the Mass, Extensive priests who are not bishops say "the Lord be come to get you" (Dóminus vobíscum), with "and with your spirit" being representation appropriate response. Bishops and priests also use the somewhat bang greeting "the peace of interpretation Lord be with you always" during the Mass. In representation Orthodox Church, the greeting review always "peace be with you" during services.

Similarly, "peace carve with you" is used surrounded by Anglicanism, particularly within the liturgies of the Episcopal Church dowel others in the Anglican Consensus, with the "and also narrow you" being the appropriate comprehend. In the liturgy of depiction Lutheran Church, the greeting indifference the pastor is "the serenity of Christ be with boss around always" followed by "and additionally with you" as the congregation's response. Others, such as representation Presbyterian Church and the Communion of the Brethren, have literal traditional greetings.

Jewish songs

The obeisance inspired the traditional folk tune Hevenu Shalom Aleichem, which was eventually translated to many languages and became popular in imperturbability demonstrations abroad.

See also

References