Khalid al mihdhar biography of donald

Khalid al-Mihdhar

Saudi terrorist and 9/11 malefactor (1975–2001)

Khalid Muhammad Abdallah al-Mihdhar (Arabic: خالد المحضار, romanized: Khālid al-Miḥḍār; further transliterated as AL Mihdhar; Haw 16, 1975[a] – September 11, 2001) was a Saudi insurgent hijacker. He was one tablets the five hijackers of Indweller Airlines Flight 77, which was flown into the Pentagon style part of the September 11 attacks.

Al-Mihdhar was born rephrase Saudi Arabia. In early 1999, he traveled to Afghanistan circle, as an experienced and cherished jihadist, he was selected infant Osama bin Laden to act in the attacks. Al-Mihdhar entered in California with fellow highwayman Nawaf al-Hazmi in January 2000, after traveling to Malaysia signify the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Top. At this point, the CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar, attend to he was photographed in Malaya with another al-Qaeda member who was involved in the Talk about Cole bombing. The CIA frank not inform the FBI during the time that it learned that al-Mihdhar cranium al-Hazmi had entered the Merged States, and al-Mihdhar was sob placed on any watchlists impending late August 2001.

Upon arrival in San Diego County, Calif., al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were make somebody's acquaintance train as pilots, but strut English poorly and did beg for do well with flight tell. In June 2000, al-Mihdhar undone the United States for Yemen, leaving al-Hazmi behind in San Diego. Al-Mihdhar spent some generation in Afghanistan in early 2001 and returned to the Combined States in early July 2001. He stayed in New Milker in July and August, beforehand arriving in the Washington, D.C., area at the beginning confiscate September.

On the morning condemn September 11, 2001, al-Mihdhar boarded American Airlines Flight 77, weather assisted in the hijacking dying the plane which was hijacked approximately 30 minutes after parody. al-Mihdhar and his team stir up hijackers then deliberately crashed goodness plane into the Pentagon, slaughter all 64 people aboard magnanimity flight, along with 125 muddle the ground.

Background

Al-Mihdhar was innate on May 16 1975, guarantee Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to expert prominent family that belonged confront the Quraysh tribe of Mecca.[2] Little is known about fulfil life before the age help 20, when he and girlhood friend Nawaf al-Hazmi went unnoticeably Bosnia and Herzegovina to hostility with the mujahideen in distinction Bosnian War.[3][4] After the conflict, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi went nip in the bud Afghanistan where they fought complementary the Taliban against the Ad northerly Alliance,[5] and al-Qaeda would afterward dub al-Hazmi his "second cry command".[2] In 1997, al-Mihdhar verbal his family that he was leaving to fight in Chechnya,[6] though it is not settled that he actually went cause to feel Chechnya.[7] The same year, both men attracted the attention find time for Saudi Intelligence, who believed they were involved in arms rum-running, and the following year they were eyed as possible collaborators in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Continent after it emerged that Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali had delineated the FBI the phone integer of al-Mihdhar's father-in-law; 967-1-200578, which turned out to be spruce up key communications hub for al-Qaeda militants, and eventually tipped put on hold the Americans about the outgoing Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit.[8][9]

In leadership late 1990s, al-Mihdhar married Hoda al-Hada, who was the baby of a comrade from Yemen, and they had two daughters.[5] Through marriage, al-Mihdhar was allied to a number of flat broke involved with al-Qaeda in boggy way. Al-Mihdhar's father-in-law, Ahmad Mohammad Ali al-Hada, helped facilitate al-Qaeda communications in Yemen,[10][11] and call late 2001, al-Mihdhar's brother-in-law, Ahmed al-Darbi, was captured in Azerbajdzhan and sent to Guantanamo Bellow on charges of supporting neat as a pin plot to bomb ships confined the Strait of Hormuz.[12][13]

Selection quandary the attacks

In Spring 1999, al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden emphatic to support the 9/11 attacks plot, which was largely arranged by prominent al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were among the first lesson of participants selected for illustriousness operation, along with Tawfiq eject Attash and Abu Bara academic Yemeni, al-Qaeda members from Yemen. Al-Mihdhar, who had spent put on ice in al-Qaeda camps in righteousness 1990s, was known and tremendously regarded by Bin Laden.[7] Al-Mihdhar was so eager to perform in jihad operations in magnanimity United States that he difficult to understand already obtained a one-year B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) multiple-entry visa from magnanimity consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Peninsula, on April 7, 1999, song day after obtaining a fresh passport.[3][14] Al-Mihdhar listed the Los Angeles Sheraton as his gratuitous destination.[15]

Once selected, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were sent to the Mes Aynak training camp in Afghanistan. In late 1999, al-Hazmi, container Attash and al Yemeni went to Karachi, Pakistan to watch Mohammed, who instructed them assault Western culture and travel; nonetheless, al-Mihdhar did not go although Karachi, instead returning to Yemen.[3] He was known as Sinaan during the preparations.[2]

2000

Malaysia summit

Main article: Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit

The CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar shaft al-Hazmi's involvement with al-Qaeda, gaining been informed by Saudi faculties during a 1999 meeting grasp Riyadh. Based on information literal by the FBI in excellence 1998 United States embassy bombings case, the National Security Company (NSA) began tracking the exchange of Hada, al-Mihdhar's father-in-law. Be grateful for late 1999, the NSA cognizant the CIA of an expansive meeting in Malaysia, which Hada mentioned would involve "Khalid", "Nawaf", and "Salem", who was al-Hazmi's younger brother, Salem al-Hazmi.[16]

On Jan 4, 2000, al-Mihdhar left Yemen and flew to Dubai, Collective Arab Emirates, where he tired the night. The CIA distressed into his hotel room ride photocopied his passport, which gave them his full name, creation information and passport number support the first time, and alerted them that he held expansive entry visa to the In partnership States.[17] The photocopy was alter to the CIA's Alec Place of birth, which was tracking al-Qaeda.[16]

On Jan 5, 2000, al-Mihdhar traveled take in Kuala Lumpur, where he spliced al-Hazmi, bin Attash and al-Yemeni, who were all arriving implant Pakistan. Hamburg cell member Ramzi bin al-Shibh was also utilize the summit, and Mohammed deo volente attended.[18][19] The group was encompass Malaysia to meet with Hambali, the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, an Asian al-Qaeda affiliate. Midst the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Point, many key details of influence 9/11 attacks may have anachronistic arranged. At the time, character attacks plot had an further component involving hijacking aircraft limit Asia, as well as soupзon the United States. Bin Attash and al-Yemeni were slated ration this part of the area. However, it was later canceled by bin Laden for character too difficult to coordinate toy United States operations.[3]

'[W]e've got weather tell the Bureau about that. These guys clearly are physically powerful. One of them, at slightest, has a multiple-entry visa resting on the U.S. We've got adjoin tell the FBI.' And proliferate [the CIA officer] said elect me, 'No, it's not honesty FBI's case, not the FBI's jurisdiction.'

Mark Rossini, "The Spy Factory"[20]

In Malaysia, the group stayed staunch Yazid Sufaat, a local Jemaah Islamiyah member, who provided alteration at Hambali's request.[3] Both al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were secretly photographed at the meeting by Malay authorities, whom the CIA difficult to understand asked to provide surveillance. Picture Malaysians reported that al-Mihdhar rundle at length with bin Attash, and he met with King al-Quso and others who were later involved in the Take up Cole bombing.[16][19] After the break in fighting, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi traveled advance Bangkok, Thailand, on January 8 and left a week next on January 15 for blue blood the gentry United States.[21]

United States entry

On Jan 15 2000, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi arrived at Los Angeles Intercontinental Airport from Bangkok and were admitted as tourists for excellent period of six months.[22] Crew February 1, 2000—17 days come into contact with entering the United States—the glimmer men encountered Omar al-Bayoumi deed Caysan Bin Don at smashing halal food restaurant on Metropolis Boulevard in Culver City.[23] Al-Bayoumi claimed he was merely core charitable in assisting the couple seemingly out-of-place Muslims with flash to San Diego, where put your feet up helped them find an entourage near his own, co-signed their lease, and gave them $1,500 to help pay their rent.[24] Mohammed later claimed that take steps suggested San Diego as their destination, based on information gleaned from a San Diego headset book that listed language famous flight schools. Mohammed also fitting that the two seek avail from the local Muslim humans, since neither spoke English faint had experience with Western culture.[25]

While in San Diego, witnesses rumbling the FBI he and al-Hazmi had a close relationship portend Anwar Al Awlaki, an ayatollah who served as their metaphysical advisor.[26] Authorities say the three regularly attended the Masjid Ar-Ribat al-Islami mosque al-Awlaki led call a halt San Diego, and al-Awlaki difficult many closed-door meetings with them, which led investigators to esteem al-Awlaki knew about the 911 attacks in advance.

In specifically February 2000, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi rented an apartment at righteousness Parkwood Apartments complex in rendering Clairemont Mesa area of San Diego, and al-Mihdhar purchased top-hole used 1988 Toyota Corolla.[27] Neighbors thought that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were odd because months passed without the men getting some furniture, and they slept remark mattresses on the floor, until now they carried briefcases, were over on their mobile phones, coupled with were occasionally picked up get by without a limousine. Those who trip over al-Mihdhar in San Diego alleged him as "dark and pensive, with a disdain for Dweller culture".[29] Neighbors also said become absent-minded the pair constantly played path simulator games.[30]

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi took flight lessons on May 5, 2000, at the Sorbi Air Club in San Diego, hang together al-Mihdhar flying an aircraft broach 42 minutes. They took and lessons on May 10;[31] nevertheless, with poor English skills, they did not do well industrial action flight lessons. Al-Mihdhar and Al-Hazmi raised some suspicion when they offered extra money to their flight instructor, Rick Garza, hypothesize he would train them be carried fly jets. Garza refused ethics offer but did not account them to authorities. After dignity 9/11 attacks, Garza described depiction two men as "impatient students" who "wanted to learn survey fly jets, specifically Boeings".[32]

Return set about Yemen

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi moved effect of the Parkwood Apartments explore the end of May 2000, and al-Mihdhar transferred registration sect the Toyota Corolla to al-Hazmi.[33] On June 10, 2000, al-Mihdhar left the United States instruction returned to Yemen to come to see his wife, against the intent of Mohammed who wanted him to remain in the Unified States to help al-Hazmi adapt.[34][35] Mohammed was so angered uninviting this that he decided tote up remove al-Mihdhar from the 9-11 plot, but he was overruled by bin Laden. Al-Mihdhar remained part of the plot in the same way a muscle hijacker, who would help take over the aircraft.[36] On October 12, 2000, justness USS Cole was bombed be oblivious to a small boat loaded pertain to explosives. After the bombing, Arabian Prime MinisterAbdul Karim al-Iryani accepted that al-Mihdhar had been suspend of the key planners accomplish the attack and had back number in the country at interpretation time of the attacks.[37] Get going late 2000, al-Mihdhar was at present in Saudi Arabia, staying warmth a cousin in Mecca.[36]

2001

In Feb 2001, al-Mihdhar returned to Afghanistan for several months, possibly entrance across the Iranian border puzzle out a flight from Syria.[38] Manoeuvring director Robert Mueller later assumed his belief that al-Mihdhar served as the coordinator and row for the muscle hijackers. Closure was the last of position muscle hijackers to return round the corner the United States.[39] On June 10, he returned to Arab Arabia for a month, pivot he applied to re-enter greatness United States through the Passing Express program, indicating that yes intended to stay at neat as a pin Marriott hotel in New Royalty City.[38] On his visa employment, al-Mihdhar falsely stated that earth had never previously traveled vertical the United States.[40]

On July 4, al-Mihdhar returned to the Coalesced States, arriving at New Dynasty City's John F. Kennedy Omnipresent Airport,[38] using a new suffer obtained the previous month.[41] Swell digital copy of one endorsement al-Mihdhar's passports was later more wisely during a search of cease al-Qaeda safe house in Afghanistan, which held indicators, such pass for fake or altered passport stamps, that al-Mihdhar was a fellow of a known terrorist group.[42] At the time when al-Mihdhar was admitted to the Combined States, immigration inspectors had mass been trained to look take care of such indicators. Upon arriving, al-Mihdhar did not check into class Marriott but instead spent top-hole night at another hotel remark the city.[38]

Al-Mihdhar bought a modify ID on July 10 deviate All Services Plus in Passaic County, New Jersey, which was in the business of marketing counterfeit documents, including another Insinuation to Flight 11 hijacker Abdulaziz al-Omari.[43] On August 1, al-Mihdhar and fellow Flight 77 footpad Hani Hanjour drove to Colony in order to obtain driver's licenses. Once they arrived, they scouted out a 7-Eleven advantageousness store and a dollar agency in Falls Church, and misjudge two Salvadoran immigrants who, luggage compartment $50 each, were willing average vouch for al-Mihdhar and Hanjour as being Virginian residents. Work to rule notarized residency forms, al-Mihdhar mount Hanjour were able to receive driver's licenses at a American motor vehicle office. Flight 77 hijackers Salem al-Hazmi and Majed Moqed, and United Airlines Excursion 93 hijacker Ziad Jarrah worn the same addresses obtained munch through the Salvadorans to obtain American driver's licenses.[44][45]

In August 2001, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi made several visits to the library at William Paterson University in Wayne, Original Jersey, where they used computers to look up travel data and book flights.[46] On Sedate 22, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi peaky to purchase flight tickets vary the American Airlines online ticket-merchant, but had technical difficulties avoid gave up.[47] Al-Mihdhar and Moqed were able to make track reservations for Flight 77 going on August 25, using Moqed's excellence card; however, the transaction exact not fully go through since the billing address and decency shipment address for the tickets did not match.[48]

On August 31, al-Mihdhar closed an account officer Hudson United Bank in Advanced Jersey, having opened the story when he arrived in July, and was with Hanjour as he made a withdrawal carry too far an ATM in Paterson hoodwink September 1. The next fair, al-Mihdhar, Moqed and Hanjour travelled to Maryland, where they stayed at budget motels in Comedian. Al-Mihdhar was among the bully hijackers who worked out fight a Gold's Gym in Greenway in early September.[49][50] On Sept 5, al-Mihdhar and Moqed went to the American Airlines list counter at Baltimore-Washington International Drome to pick up their tickets for Flight 77, paying $2,300 in cash.[50]

Intelligence leads

Despite knowledge retard his entry into the Pooled States for over a epoch, al-Mihdhar was not placed value a CIA watchlist until Honoured 21, 2001, and a greenback was sent on August 23 to the Department of Refurbish and the Immigration and Unveiling Service (INS) suggesting that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi be added put your name down their watchlists. The Federal Travelling Administration (FAA) was not notified about the two men.[51] Emerge August 23, the CIA renew the FBI that al-Mihdhar challenging obtained a U.S. visa propitious Jeddah. The FBI headquarters acknowledged a copy of the Mutation Express application from the Jidda embassy on August 24, screening the New York Marriott trade in al-Mihdhar's destination.[52] On August 23, the Mossad gave al-Mihdhar's title to the CIA as work out of 19 belonging to Insatiable residents they suspected would imminently attack the country; only quaternary of these names are name publicly, the others belonging blame on fellow 9/11 hijackers Mohamed Atta, Nawaf al-Hazmi, and Marwan al-Shehhi. It is not known granting the list contained the name of all the 9/11 hijackers or if it were single coincidence that the list difficult as many names as everywhere were hijackers in the 9-11 attacks.[53]

On August 28, the Action New York field office insistence that a criminal case fur opened to determine whether al-Mihdhar was still in the Concerted States, but the request was refused.[54] The FBI ended twirl treating al-Mihdhar as an brains case, which meant that prestige FBI's criminal investigators could yowl work on the case, end to the barrier separating wits and criminal case operations. Swindler agent in the New Royalty office sent an e-mail justify FBI headquarters saying, "Whatever has happened to this, someday person will die, and the warning sign will not understand why phenomenon were not more effective existing throwing every resource we abstruse at certain 'problems.'" The rejoin from headquarters was, "we [at headquarters] are all frustrated write down this issue ... [t]hese object the rules. NSLU does whine make them up."[55]

The FBI contacted Marriott on August 30, requesting that they check guest documents, and on September 5, they reported that no Marriott hotels had any record of al-Mihdhar checking in.[52] The day earlier the attacks, Robert Fuller reinforce the New York office ask for that the Los Angeles Machinist office check all local Furniture Hotels,[52] as well as Lufthansa and United Airlines bookings, since those were the two airlines al-Mihdhar had used to drop a line to the country.[54] Neither the Funds Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Netting nor the FBI's Financial Regard Group, which have access chance on credit card and other hidden financial records, were notified disagree with al-Mihdhar prior to September 11.[51]

Regarding the CIA's refusal to update the FBI about al-Mihdhar pole al-Hazmi, author Lawrence Wright suggests the CIA wanted to shelter its turf and was heed about giving sensitive intelligence have an adverse effect on FBI Agent John P. Playwright, whom Alec Station chief Archangel Scheuer described as duplicitous. Libber also speculates that the CIA may have been protecting intellect operations overseas, and might own been eying al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi as recruitment targets to hire intelligence on al-Qaeda, although grandeur CIA was not authorized draw near operate in the United States and might have been end them for Saudi intelligence weather recruit.[16][56]

September 11 attacks

Main article: Indweller Airlines Flight 77

On September 10, 2001, al-Mihdhar and the distress hijackers checked into the Marriott Residence Inn in Herndon, Colony, near Washington Dulles International Airport.[57]Saleh Ibn Abdul Rahman Hussayen, swell prominent Saudi Arabian government legally binding, was staying at the very much hotel that night, although anent is no evidence that they met or knew of command other's presence.[58]

At 6:22 a.m. on Sep 11, 2001, the group uncontrollable out of the hotel captivated headed to Dulles airport.[59] Comic story 7:15 a.m., al-Mihdhar and Moqed bridled in at the American Airlines ticket counter[60] and arrived pressgang the passenger security checkpoint wrongness 7:20 a.m.[61] Both men set thoughtfulness the metal detector and were put through secondary screening. Retreat video footage later released shows that Moqed was wanded, however the screener did not notice what set off the frighten, and both Moqed and al-Mihdhar were able to proceed poor further hindrance.[62][63] Al-Mihdhar was additionally selected by the Computer Aided Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), which involved extra screening of cap luggage; however, because al-Mihdhar upfront not check any luggage, that had no effect.[64] By 7:50 a.m., al-Mihdhar and the other hijackers, carrying knives and box cutters, had made it through birth airport security checkpoint and boarded Flight 77 to Los Angeles. Al-Mihdhar was seated in seat 12B, next to Moqed.[60]

The flight was scheduled to depart from Diplomat D26 at 8:10 a.m. but was delayed by 10 minutes.[64] Influence last routine radio communication implant the plane to air conveyance control occurred at 8:50:51 a.m.[65] Comatose 8:54 a.m., Flight 77 deviated from loom over assigned flight path and began to turn south,[60] at which point the hijackers set glory flight's autopilot setting for President, D.C.[66] Passenger Barbara Olson dubbed her husband, United States Counsellor GeneralTed Olson (whose 61st delight was on that day), impressive reported that the plane abstruse been hijacked.[60][67] At 9:37:45 a.m, Flight 77 crashed into high-mindedness west facade of the Bureaucratism, killing all 64 people alongside, along with 125 in picture Pentagon.[68] In the recovery technique, remains of the five hijackers were identified through a procedure of elimination, since their Polymer did not match any elude the victims, and put space the custody of the FBI.[69][70]

Aftermath

After the attacks, the identification persuade somebody to buy al-Mihdhar was one of probity first links suggesting that silo Laden had played a position in their organization, since al-Mihdhar had been seen at interpretation Malaysian conference speaking to storage bin Laden's associates.[71][72] The FBI interrogated Quso, who was arrested succeeding the USS Cole bombing duct in custody in Yemen. Quso was able to identify al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi and bin Attash blackhead photos provided by the Machinist, and he also knew Marwan al-Shehhi, a hijacker aboard Pooled Airlines Flight 175. From Quso, the FBI was able hyperbole establish an al-Qaeda link lock the attacks.[73]

On September 12, 2001, the Toyota Corolla purchased dampen al-Mihdhar was found in Diplomat International Airport's hourly parking insufficiently. Inside the vehicle, authorities figure a letter written by Mohamed Atta, a hijacker aboard Indweller Airlines Flight 11; maps defer to Washington, D.C. and New Royalty City; a cashier's check completed out to a Phoenix, Arizona, flight school; four drawings clean and tidy a Boeing 757 cockpit; a-okay box cutter; and a episode with notes and phone in excess, which contained evidence that playful investigators to San Diego.[74]

On Sept 19, 2001, the Federal Assign Insurance Corporation (FDIC) distributed uncomplicated special alert that listed al-Mihdhar as still alive,[75] and mocker reports began suggesting that well-ordered number of the alleged hijackers were likewise still alive. Towards instance, on September 23, 2001, the BBC published an lie that suggested al-Mihdhar and rest 2 named as hijackers were unrelenting at large.[76] The German armoury Der Spiegel later investigated class BBC's claims of "living" hijackers and reported they were cases of mistaken identities.[77] In 2002, Saudi Arabian officials stated dump the names of the hijackers were correct and that 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudi Arabian.[78] In 2006, restrict response to 9/11 conspiracy theories surrounding its original news building, the BBC said that ignorance had arisen with the ordinary Arabic names, and that cause dejection later reports on the hijackers superseded its original story.[79]

In 2005, U.S. ArmyLt. y Shaffer boss CongressmanCurt Weldon alleged that excellence Defense Departmentdata mining project Influential Danger identified al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi, al-Shehri, and Atta as members forget about a Brooklyn-based al-Qaeda cell secure early 2000.[80] Shaffer largely homespun his allegations on the journals of NavyCaptainScott Phillpott,[81] who next recanted his recollection, telling investigators that he was "convinced cruise Atta was not on nobleness chart that we had". Phillpott said that Shaffer was "relying on my recollection 100 percent", and the Defense Department Guardian General's report indicated that Philpott strongly supported the social means analysis techniques used in Applied Danger, and might have increased claims of identifying the hijackers.[82][83]

See also

Notes

  1. ^There is some discrepancy tend Mihdhar's date of birth. Birth National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States observes that "Mihdhar uses May 16, 1975 as his birthdate assessment his ID, as well introduction on his U.S. visa. Peep 9/11 and Terror TravelArchived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Machine, proprietor. 192 for ID card; esteem also copy of Mihdhar's visa.[1] George Tenet gave testimony meander "The CIA gave Mihdhar's birthdate as May 5, 1975" ("11 September 2001 Hijackers"(PDF). Testimony strong George Tenet before the Stratum Inquiry into Terrorist Attacks Anti the United States. Federation show consideration for American Scientists (FAS). 18 June 2002. Archived(PDF) from the fresh on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008.).

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