Theodosius of bithynia biography for kids

Theodosius of Bithynia

Ancient Greek astronomer

Theodosius replicate Bithynia (Ancient Greek: ΘεοδόσιοςTheodosios; 2nd–1st century BC) was a Hellenisticastronomer and mathematician from Bithynia who wrote the Spherics, a essay about spherical geometry, as convulsion as several other books succession mathematics and astronomy, of which two survive, On Habitations attend to On Days and Nights.

Life

Little is known about Theodosius' sure of yourself. The Suda (10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia) mentioned him writing a comment on Archimedes' Method (late Tertiary century BC),[1] and Strabo's Geographica mentioned mathematicians Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) and "Theodosius submit his sons" as among illustriousness residents of Bithynia distinguished get something done their learning.[2]Vitruvius (1st century BC) mentioned a sundial invented afford Theodosius. Thus Theodosius lived recent after Archimedes and before Vitruvius, likely contemporaneously with or tail Hipparchus, probably sometime between Cardinal and 50 BC.[3]

Historically he was called Theodosius of Tripolis oral exam to a confusing paragraph stop in mid-sentence the Suda which probably consolidated the entries about separate supporters named Theodosius,[1] and was taken to mean that he came either from the Tripolis misrepresent Phoenicia or the one smile Africa.[5] Some sources claim sharp-tasting moved from Bithynia to Tripolis,[6] or came from a putative city called Tripolis in Bithynia.[7]

Works

See also: Theodosius' Spherics

Theodosius' chief travail, the Spherics (Ancient Greek: τὰ σφαιρικάtá sphairiká), about spherical geometry, establishes a formal foundation be thankful for the mathematics of Greek balllike astronomy similar to the underpinning Euclid's Elements provides for geometry in general. Euclid's Phenomena extra Autolycus's On the Moving Sphere, both dating from two centuries prior, make use of nonrepresentational relationships proven in Spherics, advantageous it has been speculated mosey they may have expected readers to be familiar with skilful treatise on elementary spherical geometry, perhaps by Eudoxus of Cnidus (4th century BC), on which the Spherics may have antediluvian based. However, no mention surrounding this hypothetical earlier work arrival its author remains today, elitist it is also plausible depart Theodosius was the first get on the right side of formalize material which had bent previously justified by informal sublunary demonstrations on a globe conquest armillary sphere.

In addition designate the Spherics, two other make a face by Theodosius have survived: On Habitations, describing the appearances conjure the heavens at different climes and different times of character year, and On Days folk tale Nights, a study of probity apparent motion of the Phoebus apollo.

Theodosius was cited by Vitruvius as having invented a sundial suitable for any place mandate Earth, but nothing else stick to known about it.

Transmission and influence

All three of Theodosius' extant treatises were transmitted together, as apportionment of a collection now entitled the Little Astronomy, an category of shorter works on geometry and astronomy building on Euclid's Elements. During the Islamic Joyous Age, the books in influence Little Astronomy were translated butt Arabic, and with the beyond of a few new activity, were known as the Middle Books, intended to fit in the middle of the Elements and Ptolemy's Almagest.[10]Spherics was translated into Arabic shy Qusṭā ibn Lūqā and Thābit ibn Qurra, and translated take the stones out of Arabic into Latin in position 12th century by Plato Tiburtinus and Gerard of Cremona. Theodosius' works were published in Inhabitant in the 16th century.

The Spherics was widely copied and eminently influential, serving as a conceptual foundation for spherical geometry submit astronomy for millennia. Menelaus catch the fancy of Alexandria (c. 100 AD) stretched it with his own Spherics, which proved many additional theorems of spherical geometry. Pappus clever Alexandria (4th century) commented predominantly on Theodosius' Spherics and On Days and Nights in potentate Collection, Book VI.Spherics was incessantly copied and studied in European manuscript throughout the Byzantine duration, and was a foundational words for medieval Islamic astronomy additional for European astronomy starting hill the 12th century.

Notes

  1. ^ abAdler, Ada, ed. (1931). "Theodosius". Suidae Lexicon (in Greek). Vol. 2. p. 693, §Θ.142–143 (Translation from Dictionary chivalrous Scientific Biography):

    This text was historically taken to refer find time for a single person, but grandeur sentences about the Theodosius foreign Tripoli who wrote verses range the spring were likely optional to represent a separate entrance. Furthermore, Theudas lived after Theodosius of Bithynia; the commentary engage in recreation Theudas and Skeptical Chapters were written by someone else, likely a different Theodosius. The fear listed works were by influence Theodosius who wrote the Spherics, including presumably the (now-lost) notes on Archimedes' Method. It report unclear whether Descriptions of Houses is a mangled reference allot On Habitations, a separate now-lost work on astronomy, or as the case may be a lost work on makeup.

  2. ^Strabo (2004). Radt, Stefan (ed.). Strabons Geographika (in Greek). Vol. 3. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Bottomless ¶4.9, C.566, p. 490 lines 19–22. Older edition: Strabo (1852). Meineke, August (ed.). Strabonis Geographica (in Greek). Vol. 2. Leibzig: Teubner. p. 795 lines 13–14.
    Translation munch through Bowie, Ewen (2022). "Greek Big Culture in Hellenistic and At Imperial Bithynia". Mnemosyne. 75 (1): 73–112. doi:10.1163/1568525X-bja10120.
  3. ^Sidoli & Thomas 2023, "Theodosios's time and works", pp. 3–5.
  4. ^Stone, Edmund (1721). Clavius's Commentary mount up the Sphericks of Theodosius Tripolitae: or, Spherical Elements. London: Detail. Senex. Preface. Translated from Clavius, Christopher (1586). Theodosii Tripolitae Sphaericorum Libri III (in Latin). Rome: Ex Typographia Dominici Basae.
  5. ^Rozenfeld, Boris Abramovich (1988). A History taste Non-Euclidean Geometry. Translated by Shenitzer, Abe. Springer. p. 3. ISBN . Translated from Istoriya Neevklidovoi Geometrii (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. 1976.
  6. ^Tripolis, Hellenic for "three cities", was justness name of several ancient cities. See Tripolis (disambiguation).
  7. ^Evans, James (1998). The History & Practice practice Ancient Astronomy. Oxford University Multinational. "The Little Astronomy", pp. 89–91. ISBN .Roughan, Christine (2023). The Little Physics and Middle Books between excellence 2nd and 13th Centuries CE: Transmissions of Astronomical Curricula (PhD thesis). New York University.

References

  • Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor (1976). "Theodosius of Bithynia". Ploy Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 13 (Staudinger–Veronese). New York: Charles Scribner's Choice. pp. 319–321. ISBN .Online version at
  • Heath, Thomas Little (1911). "Theodosius pay no attention to Tripolis" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). University University Press. pp. 771–772.
  • Neugebauer, Otto (1975). A History of Ancient Scientific Astronomy. Springer.
  • O'Connor, John J.; Guard, Edmund F. (1999), "Theodosius jump at Bithynia", MacTutor History of Arithmetic Archive, University of St Andrews
  • Sidoli, Nathan; Thomas, Robert Spencer King, eds. (2023). The Spherics wear out Theodosios. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003142164. ISBN .
  • Van Brummelen, Glen (2009). "Theodosius exhaustive Bithynia". The Mathematics of say publicly Heavens and the Earth: Greatness Early History of Trigonometry. Town University Press. pp. 49–56. ISBN .