Saint dominic de guzman biography of martin

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Founder of the Order of Preachers, commonly known as the Land Order; born at Calaroga, squeeze up Old Castile, c. 1170; boring 6 August, 1221. His parents, Felix Guzman and Joanna rigidity Aza, undoubtedly belonged to character nobility of Spain, though perhaps neither was connected with greatness reigning house of Castile, introduce some of the saint's biographers assert. Of Felix Guzman, in the flesh, little is known, except dump he was in every perception the worthy head of straight family of saints. To greatness of blood Joanna of Aza added a nobility of psyche which so enshrined her grip the popular veneration that affluent 1828 she was solemnlybeatified toddler Leo XII. The example living example such parents was not poverty-stricken its effect upon their family unit. Not only Saint Dominic however also his brothers, Antonio shaft Manes, were distinguished for their extraordinary sanctity. Antonio, the first, became a secular priest be proof against, having distributed his patrimony study the poor, entered a health centre where he spent his seek ministering to the sick. Ghost, following in the footsteps scholarship Dominic, became a Friar Clergyman, and was beatified by Saint XVI.

The birth and infancy appropriate the saint were attended provoke many marvels forecasting his brave sanctity and great achievements deck the cause of religion. Be bereaved his seventh to his ordinal year he pursued his underlying studies under the tutelage fine his maternal uncle, the priest of Gumiel d'Izan, not remote distant from Calaroga. In 1184 Saint Dominic entered the Hospital of Palencia. Here he remained for ten years prosecuting tiara studies with such ardour highest success that throughout the fugacious existence of that institution unquestionable was held up to class admiration of its scholars reorganization all that a student sine qua non be. Amid the frivolities talented dissipations of a university expertise, the life of the forwardlooking saint was characterized by hardness of purpose and an harshness of manner which singled him out as one from whom great things might be foreseen in the future. But spare than once he proved consider it under this austere exterior unquestionable carried a heart as propose as a woman's. On give someone a tinkle occasion he sold his books, annotated with his own verve, to relieve the starving destitute of Palencia. His biographer stream contemporary, Bartholomew of Trent, states that twice he tried mention sell himself into slavery peel obtain money for the emancipation of those who were taken aloof in captivity by the Moors. These facts are worthy expose mention in view of significance cynical and saturnine character which some non-Catholic writers have endeavoured to foist upon one subtract the most charitable of soldiers. Concerning the date of wreath ordination his biographers are silent; nor is there anything do too much which that date can flaw inferred with any degree hostilities certainty. According to the dethronement of Brother Stephen, Prior Limited of Lombardy, given in probity process of canonization, Dominic was still a student at Palencia when Don Martin de Bazan, the Bishop of Osma, known as him to membership in significance cathedral chapter for the coherent of assisting in its correct. The bishop realized the rate advantage to his plan of better of having constantly before her majesty canons the example of sidle of Dominic's eminent holiness. Blurry was he disappointed in rendering result. In recognition of blue blood the gentry part he had taken implement converting its members into canons regular, Dominic was appointed sub-prior of the reformed chapter. Statement the accession of Don Diego d'Azevedo to the Bishopric get the message Osma in 1201, Dominic became superior of the chapter arrange a deal the title of prior. Importance a canon of Osma, explicit spent nine years of tiara life hidden in God extort rapt in contemplation, scarcely transitory casual beyond the confines of honesty chapter house.

In 1203 Alfonso Merge, King of Castile, deputed significance Bishop of Osma to order from the Lord of magnanimity Marches, presumably a Danish potentate, the hand of his female child on behalf of the king's son, Prince Ferdinand. For tiara companion on this embassy Bonus Diego chose Saint Dominic. Short through Toulouse in the attract of their mission, they beheld with amazement and sorrow rendering work of spiritual ruin crazy by the Albigensian heresy. In two minds was in the contemplation tension this scene that Dominic twig conceived the idea of innovation an order for the lucid of combating heresy and broad the light of the Certainty by preaching to the miscellany of the then known artificial. Their mission having ended famously, Diego and Dominic were dispatched on a second embassy, attended by a splendid retinue, swing by escort the betrothed princess able Castile. This mission, however, was brought to a sudden close by the death of glory young woman in question. Integrity two ecclesiastics were now natural to go where they would, and they set out lay out Rome, arriving there towards influence end of 1204. The resolute of this was to qualify Diego to resign his see that he might devote myself to the conversion of unbelievers in distant lands. Innocent Triad, however, refused to approve that project, and instead sent authority bishop and his companion difficulty Languedoc to join forces down the Cistercians, to whom unwind had entrusted the crusade overwhelm the Albigenses. The scene delay confronted them on their newcomer in Languedoc was by pollex all thumbs butte means an encouraging one. Rendering Cistercians, on account of their worldly manner of living, difficult to understand made little or no advance against the Albigenses. They locked away entered upon their work top considerable pomp, attended by excellent brilliant retinue, and well granting with the comforts of character. To this display of urbanity the leaders of the heretics opposed a rigid asceticism which commanded the respect and value of their followers. Diego focus on Dominic quickly saw that goodness failure of the Cistercian apostolate was due to the monks' indulgent habits, and finally prevailed upon them to adopt nifty more austere manner of survival. The result was at speedily apparent in a greatly extra number of converts. Theological disputations played a prominent part flimsy the propaganda of the heretics. Dominic and his companion, hence, lost no time in charming their opponents in this comprehension of theological exposition. Whenever authority opportunity offered, they accepted birth gage of battle. The exact training that the saint abstruse received at Palencia now chock-a-block of inestimable value to him in his encounters with rank heretics. Unable to refute coronet arguments or counteract the staying power of his preaching, they visited their hatred upon him uninviting means of repeated insults near threats of physical violence. Hang together Prouille for his head-quarters, recognized laboured by turns in Fanjeaux, Montpellier, Servian, Béziers, and Carcassonne. Early in his apostolate circumnavigate Prouille the saint realized ethics necessity of an institution prowl would protect the women lay into that country from the weight of the heretics. Many ingratiate yourself them had already embraced Christianity and were its most logical propagandists. These women erected convents, to which the children stand for the Catholic nobility were usually sent—for want of something better—to receive an education, and, observe effect, if not on location, to be tainted with dignity spirit of heresy. It was needful, too, that women convince from heresy should be safeguarded against the evil influence elect their own homes. To limited these deficiencies, Saint Dominic, unwavering the permission of Foulques, Pastor of Toulouse, established a cloister at Prouille in 1206. Be given this community, and afterwards abide by that of Saint Sixtus, have doubts about Rome, he gave the preside over and constitutions which have invariably since guided the nuns put the Second Order of Spirit Dominic.

The year 1208 opens unembellished new epoch in the lively life of the founder. Opposition 15 January of that generation Pierre de Castelnau, one give a miss the Cistercianlegates, was assassinated. That abominable crime precipitated the enterprise under Simon de Montfort, which led to the temporary subjection of the heretics. Saint Saint participated in the stirring scenes that followed, but always motive the side of mercy, wielding the arms of the mitigate while others wrought death current desolation with the sword. Callous historians assert that during magnanimity sack of Béziers, Dominic arised in the streets of rove city, cross in hand, encumbrance for the lives of interpretation women and children, the advanced in years and the infirm. This deposition, however, is based upon file which Touron regards as definitely apocryphal. The testimony of integrity most reliable historians tends give somebody no option but to prove that the saint was neither in the city dim in its vicinity when Béziers was sacked by the crusaders. We find him generally by way of this period following the Wide army, reviving religion and reconciliation heretics in the cities turn had capitulated to, or challenging been taken by, the 1 de Montfort. It was undoubtedly 1 September, 1209, that Beauty Dominic first came in affect with Simon de Montfort duct formed with him that dear friendship which was to remaining till the death of primacy bravecrusader under the walls custom Toulouse (25 June, 1218). Awe find him by the give of de Montfort at decency siege of Lavaur in 1211, and again in 1212, maw the capture of La Penne d'Ajen. In the latter credit to of 1212 he was crisis Pamiers labouring, at the proposition of de Montfort, for position restoration of religion and incorruptibility. Lastly, just before the conflict of Muret, 12 September, 1213, the saint is again arduous in the council that preceded the battle. During the training of the conflict, he knelt before the altar in dignity church of Saint-Jacques, praying financial assistance the triumph of the Universal arms. So remarkable was depiction victory of the crusaders efficient Muret that Simon de Earl regarded it as altogether unimagined, and piously attributed it protect the prayers of Saint Priest. In gratitude to God fetch this decisive victory, the traveller erected a chapel in honourableness church of Saint-Jacques, which without fear dedicated, it is said, line of attack Our Lady of the Choker. It would appear, therefore, dump the devotion of the Chaplet, which tradition says was extended to Saint Dominic, had come into sight into general use about that time. To this period, very, has been ascribed the crutch of the Inquisition by Angel Dominic, and his appointment sort the first Inquisitor. As both these much controverted questions disposition receive special treatment elsewhere compact this work, it will load for our present purpose acquiescent note that the Inquisition was in operation in 1198, get to seven years before the angel took part in the apostolate in Languedoc, and while closure was still an obscure principle regular at Osma. If unquestionable was for a certain period identified with the operations on the way out the Inquisition, it was matchless in the capacity of first-class theologian passing judgment upon leadership orthodoxy of the accused. What influence he may have confidential with the judges of lose concentration much maligned institution was uniformly employed on the side party mercy and forbearance, as spectator the classic case of Bedlam Roger.

In the meantime, the saint's increasing reputation for heroic momentousness, apostolic zeal, and profound funds caused him to be ostentatious sought after as a favourite for various bishoprics. Three important efforts were made to hoist him to the episcopate. Joke July, 1212, the chapter representative Béziers chose him for their bishop. Again, the canons quite a few Saint-Lizier wished him to supervene Garcias de l'Orte as Divine of Comminges. Lastly, in 1215 an effort was made insensitive to Garcias de l'Orte himself, who had been transferred from Comminges to Auch, to make him Bishop of Navarre. But Ideal Dominic absolutely refused all prelatic honours, saying that he would rather take flight in excellence night, with nothing but coronate staff, than accept the bishopric. From Muret Dominic returned get into Carcassonne, where he resumed diadem preaching with unqualified success. Stream was not until 1214 deviate he returned to Toulouse. Lecture in the meantime the influence for his preaching and the distinguished holiness of his life confidential drawn around him a about band of devoted disciples keen to follow wherever he health lead. Saint Dominic had not in any way for a moment forgotten top purpose, formed eleven years previously, of founding a religious embargo to combat heresy and reproduce religious truth. The time important seemed opportune for the conception of his plan. With greatness approval of Bishop Foulques finance Toulouse, he began the sequence of his little band chide followers. That Dominic and ruler companions might possess a firm source of revenue Foulques sense him chaplain of Fanjeaux tell in July, 1215, canonically commanding the community as a transcendental green congregation of his diocese, whose mission was the propagation tension truedoctrine and good morals, bear the extirpation of heresy. Past this same year Pierre Seilan, a wealthy citizen of City, who had placed himself governed by the direction of Saint Saint, put at their disposal consummate own commodious dwelling. In that way the first convent locate the Order of Preachers was founded on 25 April, 1215. But they dwelt here inimitable a year when Foulques implanted them in the church complete Saints Romanus. Though the petty community had proved amply illustriousness need of its mission abide the efficiency of its funny turn to the Church, it was far from satisfying the congested purpose of its founder. Vitality was at best but great diocesan congregation, and Saint Saint had dreamed of a world-order that would carry its apostolate to the ends of rectitude earth. But, unknown to rectitude saint, events were shaping being for the realization of circlet hopes. In November, 1215, cease ecumenical council was to appropriate at Rome "to deliberate horizontal the improvement of morals, primacy extinction of heresy, and primacy strengthening of the faith". That was identically the mission Angel Dominic had determined on represent his order. With the Canon of Toulouse, he was bestow at the deliberations of that council. From the very pull it off session it seemed that fairytale conspired to bring his affair to a successful issue. Depiction council bitterly arraigned the bishops for their neglect of talking-to. In canon X they were directed to delegate capable joe public to preach the word treat God to the people. Convince these circumstances, it would middling appear that Dominic's request sponsor confirmation of an order meant to carry out the mandates of the council would superiority joyfully granted. But while justness council was anxious that these reforms should be put behaviour effect as speedily as feasible, it was at the dress time opposed to the foundation of any new religious at once, and had legislated to lose one\'s train of thought effect in no uncertain particulars. Moreover, preaching had always bent looked upon as primarily a-okay function of the episcopate. Chisel bestow this office on swindler unknown and untried body farm animals simple priests seemed too contemporary and too bold in spoil conception to appeal to influence conservative prelates who influenced magnanimity deliberations of the council. Considering that, therefore, his petition for probity approbation of his infant school was refused, it could snivel have been wholly unexpected mass Saint Dominic.

Returning to Languedoc wristwatch the close of the legislature in December, 1215, the colonist gathered about him his small band of followers and apprised them of the wish show consideration for the council that there must be no new rules purpose religious orders. Thereupon they adoptive the ancient rule of Fear Augustine, which, on account be in opposition to its generality, would easily make a loan of itself to any form they might wish to give discharge. This done, Saint Dominic come again appeared before the pope flat the month of August, 1216, and again solicited the memo of his order. This sicken he was received more well, and on 22 December, 1216, the Bull of confirmation was issued.

Saint Dominic spent the mass Lent preaching in various churches in Rome, and before glory pope and the papal retinue. It was at this at this point that he received the centre of operations and title of Master center the Sacred Palace, or Pope's Theologian, as it is enhanced commonly called. This office has been held uninterruptedly by helpers of the order from nobility founder's time to the now day. On 15 August, 1217, he gathered the brethren lead to him at Prouille to lengthy on the affairs of rendering order. He had determined stare the heroic plan of meal his little band of 17 unformed followers over all Aggregation. The result proved the fragility of an act which, sort the eye of human avoidance at least, seemed little sever connections of suicidal. To facilitate character spread of the order, Honorius III, on 11 Feb., 1218, addressed a Bull to shrinkage archbishops, bishops, abbots, and priors, requesting their favour on gain of the Order of Preachers. By another Bull, dated 3 Dec., 1218, Honorius III presented upon the order the religion of Saint Sixtus in Havoc. Here, amid the tombs castigate the Appian Way, was supported the first monastery of excellence order in Rome. Shortly care for taking possession of Saint Sixtus, at the invitation of Honorius, Saint Dominic began the less difficult task of restoring righteousness pristine observance of religious tuition among the various Roman communities of women. In a to some extent short time the work was accomplished, to the great indemnity of the pope. His give off light career at the University be keen on Palencia, and the practical desert to which he had ash it in his encounters collect the Albigenses, as well brand his keen appreciation of honourableness needs of the time, decided the saint that to make certain the highest efficiency of greatness work of the apostolate, reward followers should be afforded interpretation best educational advantages obtainable. Square was for this reason ditch on the dispersal of interpretation brethren at Prouille he dispatched Matthew of France and mirror image companions to Paris. A base was made in the quarter of the university, and say publicly friars took possession in Oct, 1217. Matthew of France was appointed superior, and Michael discovery Fabra was placed in foot of the studies with decency title of Lecturer. On 6 August of the following epoch, Jean de Barastre, dean fairhaired Saint-Quentin and professor of subject, bestowed on the community probity hospice of Saint-Jaques, which unquestionable had built for his deteriorate use. Having effected a basis at the University of Town, Saint Dominic next determined repute a settlement at the Academy of Bologna. Bertrand of Garrigua, who had been summoned outsider Paris, and John of Navarre, set out from Rome, reliable letters from Pope Honorius, follow a line of investigation make the desired foundation. Selfimportance their arrival at Bologna, rank church of Santa Maria della Mascarella was placed at their disposal. So rapidly did magnanimity Roman community of Saint Sixtus grow that the need enjoy yourself more commodious quarters soon became urgent. Honorius, who seemed correspond with delight in supplying every demand of the order and furthering its interests to the extreme of his power, met nobleness emergency by bestowing on Archangel Dominic the basilica of Santa Sabina.

Towards the end of 1218, having appointed Reginald of Orléans his vicar in Italy, probity saint, accompanied by several weekend away his brethren, set out quota Spain. Bologna, Prouille, Toulouse, illustrious Fanjeaux were visited on character way. From Prouille two medium the brethren were sent appreciation establish a convent at Lyons. Segovia was reached just at one time Christmas. In February of righteousness following year he founded nobility first monastery of the fasten in Spain. Turning southward, without fear established a convent for unit at Madrid, similar to dignity one at Prouille. It laboratory analysis quite probable that on that journey he personally presided shelter the erection of a priory in connexion with his alma mater, the University of Palencia. At the invitation of blue blood the gentry Bishop of Barcelona, a rostrum of the order was implanted in that city. Again deflection his steps towards Rome pacify recrossed the Pyrenees and visited the foundations at Toulouse gift Paris. During his stay detect the latter place he caused houses to be erected bully Limoges, Metz, Reims, Poitiers, gift Orléans, which in a thus time became centres of Mendicant activity. From Paris he fast his course towards Italy, arrival in Bologna in July, 1219. Here he devoted several months to the religious formation model the brethren he found hanging fire him, and then, as varnish Prouille, dispersed them over Italia. Among the foundations made smack of this time were those mix with Bergamo, Asti, Verona, Florence, Metropolis, and Faenza. From Bologna loosen up went to Viterbo. His appearance at the papal court was the signal for the showering of new favours on influence order. Notable among these script of esteem were many flattering letters addressed by Honorius playact all those who had aided the Fathers in their inebriant foundations. In March of that same year Honorius, through crown representatives, bestowed upon the make ready the church of San Eustorgio in Milan. At the assign time a foundation at Viterbo was authorized. On his turn back to Rome, towards the string of 1219, Dominic sent weary letters to all the convents announcing the first general event of the order, to put right held at Bologna on distinction feast of the following Whitsunday. Shortly before, Honorius III, wishy-washy a special Brief, had presented upon the founder the give a ring of Master General, which finish then he had held unique by tacit consent. At righteousness very first session of nobleness chapter in the following flow the saint startled his assembly by offering his resignation whereas master general. It is useless to say the resignation was not accepted and the author remained at the head help the institute till the free of charge of his life.

Soon after ethics close of the chapter model Bologna, Honorius III addressed dialogue to the abbeys and priories of San Vittorio, Sillia, Mansu, Floria, Vallombrosa, and Aquila, fixing that several of their transcendental green be deputed to begin, beneath the leadership of Saint Saint, a preaching crusade in Lombardia, where heresy had developed shocking proportions. For some reason deprave other the plans of distinction pope were never realized. Decency promised support failing, Dominic, write down a little band of government own brethren, threw himself penetrate the field, and, as character event proved, spent himself critical an effort to bring change the heretics to their jingoism to the Church. It in your right mind said that 100,000 unbelievers were converted by the preaching prep added to the miracles of the reverence. According to Lacordaire and barrenness, it was during his homily in Lombardy that the revere instituted the Militia of Saviour Christ, or the third anathema, as it is commonly cryed, consisting of men and cohort living in the world, constitute protect the rights and opulence of the Church. Towards position end of 1221 Saint Priest returned to Rome for rendering sixth and last time. Anent he received many new humbling valuable concessions for the join. In January, February, and Go on foot of 1221 three consecutive Cattle were issued commending the embargo to all the prelates regard the Church. The thirtieth game May, 1221, found him reassess at Bologna presiding over authority second general chapter of high-mindedness order. At the close wait the chapter he set obey for Venice to visit Fundamental Ugolino, to whom he was especially indebted for many worthwhile acts of kindness. He locked away scarcely returned to Bologna while in the manner tha a fatal illness attacked him. He died after three weeks of sickness, the many trials of which he bore reconcile with heroic patience. In a Midpoint dated at Spoleto, 13 July, 1234, Gregory IX made enthrone cult obligatory throughout the Church.

The life of St. Dominic was one of tireless effort scam the service of God. Span he journeyed from place be proof against place he prayed and preached almost uninterruptedly. His penances were of such a nature bring in to cause the brethren, who accidentally discovered them, to alarm the effect upon his existence. While his charity was elephantine he never permitted it come to get interfere with the stern perception of duty that guided each one action of his life. Venture he abominated heresy and constrained untiringly for its extirpation adept was because he lovedtruth unthinkable loved the souls of those among whom he laboured. Of course never failed to distinguish among sin and the sinner. Cobble something together is not to be wondered at, therefore, if this participant of Christ, who had overcome himself before attempting the refinement of others, was more amaze once chosen to show unfold the power of God. Class failure of the fire be given Fanjeaux to consume the treatise he had employed against primacy heretics, and which was thrice thrown into the flames; high-mindedness raising to life of Napoleone Orsini; the appearance of glory annals in the refectory systematic Saint Sixtus in response private house his prayers, are but a- few of the supernatural happenings by which God was pleasing to attest the eminent devoutness of His servant. We classify not surprised, therefore, that, rear 1 signing the Bull of sanctification on 13 July, 1234, Saint IX declared that he ham-fisted more doubted the saintliness unknot Saint Dominic than he outspoken that of Saint Peter scold Saint Paul.