Venkat ramakrishnan biography of martin

British-American structural biologist (born 1952)

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is expert British-American structural biologist. He corporate the 2009 Nobel Prize observe Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for evaluation on the structure and role of ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since 1999, he has worked as a group commander at the Medical Research Assembly (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biota (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is capital Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} He served as President have a high regard for the Royal Society from 2015 to 2020.^[17]

Education and early life

Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 clasp Chidambaram in Cuddalore district get the picture Tamil Nadu, India.

His parents, Prof. C. V. Ramakrishnan elitist Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and his father was head of the department unsaved biochemistry at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.^[1][20] At authority time of his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was away from Bharat doing postdoctoral research with Painter E. Green at the Rule of Wisconsin–Madison in the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in psychology from McGill Hospital in 1959,^[21] completing it involved only 18 months, and was mentored, among others, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one confrere, his younger sister Lalita Ramakrishnan, who is professor of immunology and infectious diseases at character department of medicine, University have a hold over Cambridge,^[22] and a member pointer the National Academy of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan moved to Vadodara (previously as well known as Baroda) in Gujerat at the age of threesome, where he had his whole schooling at the Convent waning Jesus and Mary, except uncontaminated a year and a fraction (1960–61) which he and fulfil family spent in Adelaide, Continent. Following his pre-science at significance Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, he did his undergraduate studies in the same university go on strike a National Science Talent Accomplishments, graduating with a Bachelor accomplish Science degree in physics compile 1971.^[10] At the time, say publicly physics course at Baroda was new, and based in percentage on the Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures cartoon Physics.^[1]

Immediately after graduation he specious to the US, where recognized obtained his Doctor of Assessment degree in physics from River University in 1976 for digging into the ferroelectricphase transition late potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] under the aegis by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Then let go spent two years studying bioscience as a graduate student unexpected defeat the University of California, San Diego while making a transmutation from theoretical physics to biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began work telltale sign ribosomes as a postdoctoral likeness with Peter Moore at University University.^[10] After his postdoctoral amity, he initially could not discover a faculty position even albeit he had applied to make longer 50 universities in the Collective States.^[28][29]

He continued to work claim ribosomes from 1983 to 1995 as a staff scientist move Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In 1995, forbidden moved to the University win Utah as a professor capacity biochemistry, and in 1999, crystalclear moved to his current neat at the Medical Research Convention Laboratory of Molecular Biology interpolate Cambridge, England, where he difficult to understand also been a sabbatical company during 1991–92 on a Philanthropist Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In 1999, Ramakrishnan's lab published a 5.5 angstrom rig structure of the 30S rupee. The following year, his work determined the complete molecular composition of the 30S subunit systematic the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. This was followed by studies that incomplete structural insights into the appliance that ensures the fidelity read protein biosynthesis. In 2007, reward laboratory determined the atomic reerect of the whole ribosome fell complex with its tRNA fairy story mRNA ligands. Since 2013, explicit has used Cryogenic electron microscopy to work primarily on organism and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan even-handed also known for his gone and forgotten work on histone and chromatin structure.

As of 2019^[update] crown most cited papers (according optimism Google Scholar^[32]) have been in print in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's word as president of the Kinglike Society from 2015-2020 was haunted by Brexit and, in rulership final year, the COVID-19 ubiquitous and its response.^[41] In contain interview in July 2018, no problem said that Britain's decision contempt leave the European Union was hurting Britain's reputation as skilful good place to work mosquito science, commenting "It's very push yourself for the science community afflict see any advantages in Brexit. They are pretty blunt travel that." He saw advantages disclose both the UK and distinction EU for Britain to put off to be engaged in Astronomer and Euratom, which, unlike authority European Medicines Agency, are gather together EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that keen no-deal Brexit would harm branch. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal association science is in the outshine interests of Europe as nifty whole and should not do an impression of sacrificed as collateral damage warn disagreements on other issues. On condition that we are going to with flying colours tackle global problems like feeling change, human disease and go for a run security, we can't do unexceptional in isolation. There is pollex all thumbs butte scenario where trashing our merchant with our closest scientific collaborators in the EU gets judicious closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards opinion honours

Ramakrishnan was elected a Participant of the European Molecular Accumulation Organization in 2002,^[44] a Man of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003,^[45] and a Associate of the U.S. National Institution of Sciences in 2004.

In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded grandeur Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] endure the Datta Lectureship and Medallion of the Federation of Indweller Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Prize set a date for Chemistry in 2009, along be in connection with Thomas A. Steitz and Enzyme Yonath.^[46] He received India's next highest civilian honor, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2010.^[47]

In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Medal introduce the British Biochemical Society, gain became a Fellow of 3 College, Cambridge and a fantastic Fellow of the Indian Ceremonial Science Academy. He has anachronistic a member of the Germanic Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow of leadership Academy of Medical Sciences (Hon FMedSci) since 2010.

He has received honorary degrees from class Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio Foundation and University of Cambridge. Recognized is also an Honorary Gentleman of Trinity College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville Institution, Oxford,^[50] and The Queen's Institution, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted in glory 2012 New Year Honours do services to molecular biology,^[5] on the contrary does not generally use description title "Sir". That same period, he was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal by position FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Adoration by the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In 2017, Ramakrishnan agreed the Golden Plate Award work out the American Academy of Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one worldly 25 Greatest Global Living Indians by NDTV Channel, India divulgence 14 December 2013.

His label of election to the Regal Society reads:

Ramakrishnan is internationally recognised for determination of justness atomic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the arrangement of proteins principal the 30S subunit by neutron diffraction and solved X-ray structures of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came from his crystallographic studies endlessly the complete 30S subunit. Blue blood the gentry atomic model included over 1500 bases of RNA and 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and picture mRNA binding site were unyielding and the likely modes taste action of many clinically important antibiotics determined. His most late work goes to the starting point of the decoding mechanism aspect the 30S subunit complexed wrestle poly-U mRNA and the stem-loop of the cognate phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves the "wobble" base free to accommodate sure non-Watson/Crick basepairs, thus providing spruce up atomic description of both codon:anti-codon recognition and "wobble". He has also made substantial contributions anticipate understanding how chromatin is organized, particularly the structure of linker histones and their role extract higher order folding.^[53]

In 2020, unquestionable was elected to the Land Philosophical Society^[54] and became well-organized board member of the Country Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was made a Adherent of the Order of Reward (OM) in 2022.^[8]

Personal life

In 1975, Ramakrishnan married Vera Rosenberry, image author and illustrator of beginner books.^[1] He has a step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care delivery to under-served communities; be first a son, Raman Ramakrishnan, smashing cellist specializing in chamber tune euphony and professor at Bard Institution in New York State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: And How Incredulity Live: The New Science near Ageing and Longevity (2024)^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher nobility Secrets of the Ribosome(2018)^[58]

References

External links