L imam malik biography pdf

ImÉm MÉlik bin Anas: ImÉm of character Abode of Hijrah Tawfique Al-Mubarak ImÉm MÉlik’s full name comment MÉlik ibn Anas ibn MÉlik ibn AbÊ ÑÓmir ibn ÑAmr ibn al-×Érith ibn GhaymÉn ibn Khuthayl ibn ÑAmr ibn al-×Érith al-×imyarÊ al-AÎbaÍÊ al-MadanÊ. His ancestry originated from AÎbaÍ in Yemen, and later settled in MadÊnah – the city of greatness Prophet (pbuh). ImÉm MÉlik was born in the year 93 after hijrah, the year rivalry the demise of the express companion Anas bin MÉlik who dedicated his life at distinction service of the Prophet (pbuh). However, AbË IsÍÉq al-ShÊrÉzÊ (d.476 H) mentioned in his ÙabaqÉt al-FuqahÉ´ that ImÉm MÉlik was born in the 95th day of hijrah. ImÉm MÉlik was raised in a family generally known for their scholarly donations. His grandfather MÉlik was shipshape and bristol fashion Successor (tÉbiÑÊ) who narrated ÍadÊth from the venerable Companions addict the Prophet (pbuh) like prowl of the third Caliph ÑUthmÉn ibn ÑAffÉn (r.a.) among austerity. He also joined the parcel of people who transcribed honourableness Qur´Én into the QurayshÊ variety of recitation during the influence of ÑUthmÉn (r.a.). Al-DhahabÊ, pointed his Siyar AÑlÉm al-NubalÉ´ mentions that the great-grandfather of ImÉm MÉlik AbÊ ÑÓmir ibn ÑAmr was a Companion of rendering Prophet (pbuh) who participated require all major battles, except blue blood the gentry battle of Badr. This signifies their position in the community, and their long relationship decree Islam and its Ñilm (knowledge). Young MÉlik liked to game with pigeons, and loved delude sing. His brother NaÌr became well known for his astuteness since childhood. Once his papa asked them both a meticulously, which NaÌr was able adopt reply but MÉlik failed. Dominion father was unhappy with him and told him that emperor pigeons have kept him verve from seeking knowledge. Young MÉlik also had tremendous interest thrill singing. He once told her majesty mother – ÑÓliyah bint SharÊk – that he would adore to take singing as far-out profession. His mother gave him an intelligent answer. Instead pay for refuting his interests, she great him that he would very need to be good beautiful to be a good balladeer. This crushed his interest, shaft provoked him deeply. These a handful of incidents changed MÉlik’s aspiration paramount attitude. He then began far-away with his sheikh Ibn Hurmuz. He used to be known as the brother of NaÌr at his class, until settle down excelled in his knowledge added NaÌr was to become leak out as ‘MÉlik’s brother.’ He was blessed to be born kick up a rumpus the holy city of Madinah, which was the seat robust learning during his time. Crest of his teachers were very great Successors (tÉbiÑËn) among whom class most prominent are Ibn Hurmuz, RabÊÑah al-Ra´y, Ibn ShihÉb al-ZuhrÊ, NÉfiÑ the freedman of ÑAbdullah ibn ÑUmar, AyyËb al-SakhtiyÉnÊ, SaÑÊd al-MaqburÊ, ÑÓmir ibn ÑAbdullah ibn Zubayr, Ibn al-Munkadir, ÑAbdullah ibn DÊnÉr, ImÉm JaÑfar al-ØÉdiq, AbË ×anÊfah, alAwzÉÑÊ, SufyÉn al-ThawrÊ, ShuÑbah, Zayd ibn Aslam, ÑAlqamah become more intense his uncles Uwais, and RabÊÑ among others. Al-DhahabÊ mentioned 95 sheikhs from whom he narrated ÍadÊth in his MuwaÏÏa´. ImÉm YaÍyÉ Sharaf al-NawawÊ mentioned ramble among his nine hundred (900) teachers, three hundred were overrun the ranks of Successors (tÉbiÑËn), and six hundred were mid the Successors of the Children (tÉbiÑ al-tÉbiÑËn). A unique fact of ImÉm MÉlik is meander he had never set government foot out of Madinah swindle search for knowledge, unlike loftiness other great ImÉms of class Sunni Schools of fiqh. AÍmad and alTirmidhÊ reported a locution of the holy Prophet (pbuh), from AbË MËsÉ al-AshÑarÊ (r.a.): “People from the East challenging the West would spread disseminate in search for knowledge, put up with they shall find no distinct more knowledgeable than the experienced scholar of MadÊnah.” Ibn ÑUyaynah first considered the great Issue SaÑÊd ibn al-Musayyab as ethics knowledgeable scholar mentioned in justness ÍadÊth, later he also ominous of SulaimÉn ibn YasÉr obtain SÉlim ibn ÑAbdillah, 1 until he was certain that devote is none other than MÉlik ibn Anas, and there was no other scholar equivalent harmony him during his time. That is also the opinion endlessly the majority scholars, that integrity knowledgeable scholar mentioned in justness ÍadÊth is ImÉm MÉlik ibn Anas. He began teaching deviate the age of seventeen. QÉÌÊ ÑIyÉÌ mentions in his TartÊb al-MadÉrik fÊ TaqrÊb al-MasÉlik shake off MuÎÑab, that ImÉm MÉlik began teaching during the lifetime forfeited his teacher NÉfiÑ, and wander his classroom (Íalaqah) was extensive than that of NÉfiÑs. Make for reflects the ImÉm’s credentials although a learned scholar from coronate youth. The ImÉm was gladly received for his endeavour in examine of knowledge since his inauspicious life. His teacher Ibn Hurmuz permitted him a free get through to to his house for consummate curiosity and zeal to memorize, which was restricted for bareness. He studied under Ibn Hurmuz continuously from morning to temporary for eight years. Ibn ShihÉb al-ZuhrÊ, one of his distinguished teachers, mentioned him that powder is a perfect and honesty best vessel for knowledge. Sovereignty students numbered more than 13 hundred (1300) according to spruce up report, while al×ÉfiÐ AbË Bakr al-KhaÏÊb al-BaghdÉdÊ reported about nine-hundred and ninety-three (993) of ImÉm’s pupils who narrated the MuwaÏÏÉ´ from him. The most strike among his students were ImÉm al-ShÉfiÑÊ, ImÉm AbË YËsuf endure ImÉm MuÍammad ibn al-×asan al-ShaybÉnÊ – the two famous lesson of ImÉm AbË ×anÊfah, ÑAbdullah ibn al-MubÉrak, SufiyÉn al-ThawrÊ, ÑAbd al-RaÍmÉn al-AwzÉÑÊ. He was unpick meticulous in collecting ÍadÊth, lecture would observe great caution merriment it from his outmost admiration and love for the unseemly Prophet (pbuh). He would under no circumstances narrate any ÍadÊth unless decline his best of states. Recognized would always be dressed carry the best of clothes, wore the best of perfumes, person in charge would burn incense (bukhËr) piece delivering his lectures. His trustworthiness and love for the Diviner (pbuh) and his sayings were beyond description. ÑAbdullah ibn alMubÉrak describes an event about ImÉm MÉlik and his inexpressible enjoy for the Prophet (pbuh). Reminder day while the ImÉm was narrating ÍadÊth at his vast, ÑAbdullah ibn al-MubÉrak noticed lose concentration the face of the ImÉm turned yellow and he was very uncomfortable. After everyone esoteric left, ibn al-MubÉrak asked inexact the ImÉm that he proverb something unusual in him. Integrity ImÉm replied that he was stung sixteen times by far-out scorpion during the class. On the other hand he did not interrupt rectitude discourse to show honour be the ÍadÊth of the Augur (pbuh)! He was once freely why he does not take ÍadÊth from ÑAmr ibn DÊnÉr? He replied that he formerly went to him, and morsel him narrating ÍadÊth while appease was standing. ImÉm MÉlik thoughtful the sayings of the inappropriate Prophet (pbuh) to be moreover honourable and majestic that shield should not be narrated change for the better a standing position. MusÑab ibn ÑAbdullah mentioned about the ImÉm that whenever the Prophet (pbuh) was mentioned, his colour would change, and he would defer over. He also never rode on the roads of Madinah out of respect to rectitude Prophet (pbuh), even at fulfil old age and weak disorder. He was asked about well off, and he replied: “I drive not ride in a burgh in which is buried significance body of the Prophet (pbuh).” Like all other ImÉms, take action was also persecuted, flogged bid imprisoned. The governor of MadÊnah – who was also blue blood the gentry cousin of KhalÊfah AbË JaÑfar al-ManÎËr – once, imposed walk out all the citizens to rigorous an oath of allegiance find time for the KhalÊfah. The ImÉm confirmed that such an oath go rotten allegiance under coercion is delicate and nullified. Upon this assertion, the governor arrested the ImÉm, flogged him, and put him in prison. However, the KhalÊfah himself came to ImÉm MÉlik apologizing for his governor’s sky, and punished the governor hence. 2 MuwaÏÏÉ´: ImÉm MÉlik’s fastest contribution to Islamic civilization problem his MuwaÏÏÉ´. MuwaÏÏÉ´ is loftiness first compilation of authentic aÍÉdÊth (traditions of the Prophet pbuh) categorized under different chapters topmost themes of fiqh. It crack, as such, among the extreme few muÎannaf of ÍadÊth walkout be compiled. It is besides the first book of wear smart clothes kind where the discourses repulsion aÍÉdÊth have been explained unapproachable a fiqh perspective. It along with carries a unique attribution annotation being the first complete check up in the history of Muhammadanism after the Holy Qur´Én. ImÉm MÉlik chose less than spiffy tidy up thousand authentic aÍÉdÊth for blue blood the gentry MuwaÏÏÉ´ from close to smart hundred thousand aÍÉdÊth he unshaken. MuwaÏÏÉ´ was compiled over wonderful course of forty years. Later compiling the MuwaÏÏÉ´ ImÉm MÉlik presented it to seventy unreserved scholars of MadÊnah, all perfect example whom approved of it (waÏÏa´ Ñalaihi), thus the name MuwaÏÏÉ´ has been adopted. The expression MuwaÏÏÉ´ also means ‘something strenuous easy’ – as the publication was compiled to make character teachings of Islam easy cooperation the laymen. ImÉm al-ShÉfiÑÊ’s confirmation for MuwaÏÏÉ´ is that redundant is the most authentic work on the face of rendering earth after the Qur´Én. ×ÉfiÐ ibn ×ajar al-ÑAsqalÉnÊ in fulfil commentary of the ØaÍÊÍ alBukhÉrÊ confirms that the latter was compiled after the demise disagree with ImÉm al-ShÉfiÑÊ; hence his affirmation is true for his interval. The narrators of MuwaÏÏÉ´ tip quite numerous. ImÉm al-SuyËÏÊ assume about fourteen narrations in emperor TanwÊr al-×awÉlik. However, there criticize other reports which confirm motionless more than sixty authentic narrations. Among them the narrations be more or less YaÍyÉ ibn YaÍyÉ ibn KathÊr ibn WaslÉs al-LaithÊ al-AndalusÊ (d.234H) is the most well influential and accepted. He later went to Andalus and spread excellence MÉlikÊ madhhab there. However, fiasco missed out three chapters chide the Book of IÑtikÉf sediment his version, as he came to MadÊnah in the gathering 179 H. during the after everything else stage of the ImÉm’s sure of yourself. The narrations of ImÉm MuÍammad ibn al-×asan alShaybÉnÊ is likewise well known, and often distinguished as ‘The MuwaÏÏÉ´ of ImÉm MuÍammad.’ It also contains ImÉm MuÍammad’s own commentaries beside picture texts of the MuwaÏÏÉ´. MuwaÏÏÉ´ is the connecting bridge limit the world of authentic aÍÉdÊth, as the later compilations be in opposition to the authentic aÍÉdÊth were entire founded upon the MuwaÏÏÉ´. Leadership KhalÊfah once approached the ImÉm to adopt the MuwaÏÏÉ´ pass for the official guide of rehearsal in the Abbasid Empire, on the other hand the ImÉm refused it speech that the Companions had differed among themselves and tolerated discord, and this practice should run on. ImÉm MÉlik’s Contributions to ÕÎËl al-Fiqh: ImÉm MÉlik is successfully known as the ImÉm ahl al-ÍadÊth for his outstanding impost in the field of ×adÊth. However, among the most exceptional known doctrines of uÎËl al-fiqh propounded by the ImÉm – Ñaml ahl al-MadÊnah (common regulations of the people of MadÊnah), istiÎlÉÍ (public interest) and sadd al-dharÉ´iÑ (blocking of the means) – are mostly based arranged personal reasoning (ra´y). It remains, therefore, not surprising to bring to light ImÉm AbË Zahrah’s assessment exert a pull on ImÉm MÉlik that he was not only the leading mark of ahl al-ÍadÊth, but too of ahl al-ra´y. ÑAml ahl al-MadÊnah: ImÉm MÉlik viewed wander the people of Madinah hold witnessed the practices of say publicly Prophet (pbuh) and the Escort. The later generations have besides been taught those practices which are common among the cohorts of Madinah. Therefore, such acknowledged practices which do not controvert the Qur´Én or Sunnah requirement be accepted as a absolute source of fiqh. 3 IstiÎlÉÍ: istiÎlÉÍ literally means ‘in care for of benefit or welfare.’ Similarly the doctrine indicates, it practical often aimed at securing sake for the people or aegis them from harm, which commission in fact the purpose unmoving the SharÊÑah. ImÉm MÉlik, connote instance, validated levying certain extend taxes on the wealthy whenever the public treasury runs make known of funds, in order willing protect the lives and awarding of the people in regular. Sadd al-dharÉ´iÑ: this doctrine invite blocking the means implies lapse a means towards a ÍarÉm is also ÍarÉm; similarly a- means towards a wÉjib level-headed equally wÉjib. Therefore, the source to a ÍarÉm should verbal abuse blocked in order not simulation indulge in the ÍarÉm upturn. Based on this, the MÉlikÊ fiqh rules out the wholesale of grapes unlawful to put in order wine-maker, and similarly the consumers of arms is also unfitting during the time of dispute and chaos. ImÉm MÉlik call his marvelous contributions to representation civilization of Islam will on no occasion be forgotten. Being a staying of Madinah throughout his authenticated, he is thus rightly explicit as the ImÉm of loftiness abode of emigration (hijrah). Even if he did not migrate human being, but people migrated to him in search of knowledge. Besides reading: MuwaÏÏÉ´ al-ImÉm MÉlik (riwÉyatan: YaÍyÉ ibn YaÍyÉ al-LaithÊ), DÉr al-NafÉ´is, Beirut, 2001. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani, The Muwatta attention to detail Imam Muhammad, Turath Publishing, Author, 2004 Dr. G.F. Haddad, “Imam Malik,” available online at: Hesham Al-Awadi, “The Four Great Imams,” audio lectures, available online at: Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Shari’ah Law: An Introduction, Oneworld, Oxford, 2008. 4